Abstract: As the institutional guarantee for building a leading sporting nation, the new national system is the fundamental driving force for my country's competitive sports to achieve leapfrog development. As a transformation and construction of the traditional national system, the new national system of competitive sports can better realize the organic combination of an effective government and an effective market, and give play to the advantages of the new mechanism of concentrating forces to do major things under market economy conditions. Compared with the traditional national system, the new national system of competitive sports presents new characteristics and changes in guiding theory, historical mission, participating subjects, and target objects. Facing the new situation of building a leading sporting nation, and the process of establishing and improving the new national system, it is necessary to carry out and strengthen the leadership of the Party and the government, giving full play to the advantages of the "national mechanism", building a multi-subject collaborative operation mechanism under the leadership of the government, and also paying attention to the integration of national interests, social needs, and personal demands.